Privacy and audience measurement

Groundline measures page views, reading sessions, article and evidence clicks, shares, approximate country, device class and referring website domain. No IP addresses, account identities, precise location, full referring URLs or advertising identifiers are stored in the audience database.

A random per-tab identifier is kept in session storage and rotates by UTC day. It estimates reading sessions, not unique people. Your edition preference is saved locally on your device.

Measurement respects Do Not Track and Global Privacy Control. No third-party advertising tracker is used. Detailed records are retained for up to 90 days and are restricted to the owner. Hosting providers process requests to deliver and secure the site.

Country detection is approximate and may follow a VPN location. Direct article links retain their edition; you can always switch countries. Choose Global from the edition selector to keep the global homepage.